Medicare Education

Enrollment windows
& key dates.

Missing a Medicare enrollment window can mean months without coverage — and permanent penalties. Here's what you need to know.

Source: The enrollment period information on this page is drawn from Medicare.gov, the official U.S. government resource for Medicare. Rules and dates are subject to change — always verify your specific situation with a licensed insurance agent or Medicare.gov.

When you first become eligible

Initial Enrollment Period (IEP)

Your Initial Enrollment Period is a 7-month window surrounding the month you turn 65. This is the most important enrollment window — and for most people, the optimal time to make decisions about Medicare coverage.

Period When Coverage Starts
3 months before birthday month IEP opens 1st of birthday month
Birthday month Month you turn 65 1st of following month
3 months after birthday month IEP closes 1st of month after enrollment
Why this window matters most

During your IEP, you can enroll in a Medigap (Medicare Supplement) plan without medical underwriting — meaning insurers cannot deny you or charge you more based on your health history. This is the one time you are guaranteed access to any Medigap plan. That window closes after your IEP ends, and getting Medigap coverage later can be difficult or impossible depending on your health.

Still working at 65?

Special Enrollment Period (SEP) — Employer Coverage

If you or your spouse are still actively working at 65 and covered by a qualifying employer group health plan, you may be able to delay Medicare without penalty. When that coverage ends, you get a Special Enrollment Period to sign up.

The SEP window

8 months starting the month after your employer coverage ends or employment ends, whichever comes first.

Important distinction

COBRA and retiree coverage do not qualify. The SEP is based on active employment — not continuation coverage.

If you missed your IEP

General Enrollment Period (GEP)

If you missed your IEP and don't qualify for a Special Enrollment Period, you can sign up for Medicare Part A and/or Part B during the General Enrollment Period.

Window Coverage Begins Penalty Risk
January 1 – March 31 each year July 1 Possible — see below
Late enrollment penalties

Part B: Your monthly premium increases 10% for each full 12-month period you went without Part B when you were eligible. This penalty is permanent — it stays with you for as long as you have Part B.

Part D: 1% of the national base beneficiary premium multiplied by the number of months you went without creditable drug coverage. Also permanent.

Every year

Annual Election Period (AEP) & Medicare Advantage OEP

Annual Election Period (AEP)
Oct 15 – Dec 7

Switch between Medicare Advantage plans, switch from Medicare Advantage to Original Medicare, or change your Part D drug plan. Changes take effect January 1.

Medicare Advantage OEP
Jan 1 – Mar 31

If you're already enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan, you can switch to a different MA plan or return to Original Medicare (and join a Part D plan). One change allowed.

Special situations

Rules that allow enrollment outside standard windows

The 5-Star Special Enrollment Period

Medicare rates Medicare Advantage and Part D plans on a scale of 1 to 5 stars based on quality, member satisfaction, and performance. If a 5-star rated plan is available in your county, you have a special opportunity to switch to it outside of regular enrollment periods.

Window
Dec 8 – Nov 30
Usage
Once per year
Coverage starts
1st of next month

Availability matters: You can only use this SEP if a 5-star plan is actually offered in your specific Nevada county. Availability changes year to year. I can check what's available in your area.

The Nevada Birthday Rule

Medigap only · Nevada residents only

Nevada law (AB 250, effective January 1, 2022) gives Medigap policyholders an annual opportunity to review and change their plan — without medical underwriting. This means insurers cannot ask about your health history or deny you during this window.

How it works
Window Opens on the first day of your birth month and extends for at least 60 days.
Eligible plans You can switch to a Medigap plan with equal or lesser benefits than your current plan — with any carrier. For example, you can move from Plan G to Plan N, or from Plan G with one carrier to Plan G with a different carrier at a lower premium.
You cannot Move to a plan with greater benefits without medical underwriting. For example, you cannot go from Plan N to Plan G using this rule.
Who qualifies You must already be enrolled in a Medigap plan when the window opens. This rule does not allow switching from Medicare Advantage to Medigap.

Free look period: Once you're enrolled in your new plan, you have 30 days to decide if you want to keep it. If you change your mind, you can return to your original plan. Be aware that during this period you'll pay premiums on both plans simultaneously.

Not sure which window applies to you?

The right plan depends on your situation. Let's figure it out together.

Browse plans on PlanEnroll → Or get in touch with me, your trusted local licensed insurance agent, directly